Pharmaceutical Standardization and Physicochemical Analysis of Arogyavardhini Vati

It is very crucial to know the physicochemical properties of drugs during the development of pharmaceutical products. Drugs are on compulsion to assess their compatibility of active substances, excipients and medicinal products with established standards by the pharmaceutical laws. Characterization of these active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) helps in improving the quality parameters of all raw materials used during the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals and also in the final products. Maintaining quality standards of the drugs is the need of the hour in this era of increasing demand for indigenous medicines. Due to the absence of reference standards, standardisation of many of compound formulations is lagging behind. Ayurveda is one of the oldest medical science that has been serving the community since centuries. Arogyavardhini vati is one of the most important Ayurvedic formulation that is advised by the Ayurvedic scholars for liver disorders since centuries. Although, being administered by a vast community of Ayurvedic practitioners and from a very long period with multiple benefits, there were no many studies that are available on the physicochemical analysis and standardization of Arogyavardhini vati. Present study evaluated the physicochemical properties of Arogyavardhini vati and standardized. Arogyavardhini vati prepared by the Ayurvedic classical method complies with the standard parameters as mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. Present study observed that the analytical parameters and the pharmaceutical parameters for Arogyavardhini Vati were validated by HPTLC method and can be considered as the standard drug.

Acute abdomen with adnexal masses in the reproductive age group: diagnosis and management

Background: Women with adnexal masses can present with acute symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. As there is insufficient evidence on the frequency, presentation and management of adnexal masses we conducted this study to evaluate the clinical profile, surgical findings and histopathology of adnexal masses in women presenting with acute abdomen and needing surgical intervention.Methods: In this prospective observational study, history, examination, investigations and ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis were evaluated in women presenting with acute abdomen with adnexal mass and needing surgical intervention. Diagnosis was confirmed from the operative findings and histopathology. Etiology and its correlation with clinical symptoms and signs and radiological diagnosis formed the primary objective of the study.Results: Of the 79 patients enrolled in the study, the mean age was 30.82±6.69 years. Younger women were likely to have ectopic pregnancy while older women (>35 years) other tubal pathologies. Pain abdomen (n=70) and nausea (n=53), bleeding per vagina(n=33), menstrual irregularities (n=18), fever (n=10) abdominal distension (n=10) and dysuria (4) were the common symptoms. Etiology of the adnexal mass was ectopic pregnancy (57%), ovarian mass (34%), tubal mass (7.5%), tube and ovary (2.5%) in 46, 25, 6 and 2 patients respectively. 61% (n=48) of the women underwent laparoscopic management. Women with ruptured ectopic pregnancy were more likely to have abdominal distension, pallor, hypotension, cervical motion tenderness and need for blood transfusions.Conclusions: In women from reproductive age group with adnexal mass and needing surgery, ectopic pregnancies and benign ovarian tumours were the common etiologies. Urine pregnancy test and ultrasound are useful tests to differentiate ectopic from ovarian and tubal pathology.

Mucinous carcinoma of breast with neuroendocrine differentiation: a rare case report with review of literature.

Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is a relatively rare malignancy accounting for 2% of all breast cancers. Mucinous carcinoma of the breast has a favourable prognosis and is usually seen in postmenopausal women. Here, we report a 60 year old female patient presented with right breast lump was diagnosed on cytology as ductal carcinoma of the breast, on histopathology diagnosed as mucinous carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, which was subsequently confirmed on IHC marker synaptophysin and chromogranin A positive.

Anaerobic bacteraemia: a review of 17 cases.

Of 93 blood cultures received with a suspicion of anaerobic bacteraemia over a period of two years, only 17 (18.3%) showed anaerobic growth. Twelve grew anaerobes alone while five had a polymicrobial flora. Seven of these patients (4.3%) had pre-existing heart disease while others had history of prior surgery, diabetes mellitus or urinary tract infection. Oropharynx was the commonest portal of entry, followed by gastrointestinal tract. The anaerobes isolated were anaerobic streptococci, Bacteroides fragilis group and Bilophila and Eubacterium species. Fifteen patients developed major complications such as congestive cardiac failure, systemic embolisation, and perforative peritonitis. The mortality rate among the cases with anaerobic bacteraemia was 23.5% in this study.